Distributed Backward Pumped Raman Amplifiers Gain without Attenuation: A New Approach

Modeling backward-pumped Raman amplifiers

We describe a robust shooting algorithm to model backward-pumped Raman amplifiers. This algorithm uses a continuation method and a Jacobi weight in conjunction with the shooting algorithm. We compare this algorithm to the commonly used relaxation algorithm. We find that the shooting algorithm is more flexible, in that it can be applied to amplifiers in which one fixes the gain, in contrast to t...

uncompensated link with backward-pumped distributed Raman amplification

We present experimental and numerical investigations of Kerr nonlinearity compensation in a 400-km standard single-mode fiber link with distributed Raman amplification with backward pumping. A dual-pump polarization-independent fiber-based optical parametric amplifier is used for mid-link spectral inversion of 5 × 28-GBd polarization-multiplexed 16QAM signals. Signal quality factor (Q-factor) i...

DWDM Link with Multiple Backward Pumped Raman Amplification

All optical method to achieve gain-clamping in broadband distributed fiber Raman amplifiers

Optimal Design of Flat-Gain Wide-Band Fiber Raman Amplifiers

We present a novel method for desiging multiwavelength pumped fiber Raman amplifiers with optimal gain-flatness and gain-bandwidth performance. We show that by solving the inverse amplifier design problem, relative gain flatness well below 1% can be achieved over bandwidths of up to 12 THz without any gain equalization devices. This constitutes a substantial improvement in gain flatness compare...